%% #💡 #🟡 %% # pan-cultural hierarchy of values Consensus across cultures in the ranking of importance of the various values in [[Schwartz theory of basic values]]. - Benevolence, universalism, and self-direction are most important while power and stimulation are least important. ([note on p.14](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/3SWNKS8Q?page=14)) 1. [[benevolence|Benevolence]] values most important because of importance of maintaining cooperative relations in the family. 2. [[universalism|Universalism]] also contributes to positive social relations, but primarily when group members must relate to those outside of the group. They may threaten in-group solidarity, which is why universalism is less important than benevolence. 3. [[self-direction|Self-direction]] motivates individuals to work for the group and keeps individuals engaged without harming group function. Behavior based on these values is intrinsically motivated. Where families are large (7+ kids) conformity is more important than self-direction. 4. & 5. [[security|Security]] and [[conformity]] also promote positive relations by helping to avoid conflict and violations in group norms. Usually come about in response to demands to avoid risks, control impulses and restrict the self, which reduces their importance because it conflicts with self-gratification. Emphasis on status quo also conflicts with innovation. 6. Importance of [[hedonism]] derives from natural human need to attain pleasure. More important than power because they don't necessarily threaten social relations. 7. [[achievement|Achievement]] reflects a compromise between the three value functions. On one hand they motivate individuals to invest in group tasks and support self-enhancing behavior as long as it contributes to group welfare. On other hand, efforts to attain social approval may disrupt positive social relations and interfere with group goals. 8. [[tradition|Tradition]] also contributes to group solidarity but mostly through commitment to abstract beliefs and symbols. 9. Importance of [[stimulation]] derives from natural human need to attain arousal. More important than power because they don't necessarily threaten social relations. 10. Pursuing [[power (value)]] may harm or exploit others and damage social relations, but have some importance in motivating individuals to work for group interests. ([note on p.15](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/3SWNKS8Q?page=15)) ## Sources [[Overview Schwartz Theory - Schwartz 2012]] ## Tags [[Schwartz theory of basic values]] --- <small>*Created on:* 2021-11-11</small> <small>*Last modified on:* 2021-12-23</small>