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# Decision Making Methods: An Introductory Review
![[calendar-plus.svg]] <small>Jul 05, 2022</small> | ![[calendar-clock.svg]] <small>Jun 21, 2023</small> 🏷️ [[decision making]]
**Authors:** [[Eric Doss]], [[John H Horsman]]
**Citation:** Doss, E., & Horsman, J. H. (2013). _Decision Making Methods: An Introductory Review_. [https://learn.gonzaga.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-3804259-dt-content-rid-101396049_1/xid-101396049_1](https://learn.gonzaga.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-3804259-dt-content-rid-101396049_1/xid-101396049_1)
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# Abstract ~ 3 Sentence Summary
# Notes & Important Ideas
### There are a variety of decision-making styles and each have best uses and strengths and weaknesses.
- [[spontaneous agreement]]
- [[autocratic decision making]]
- [[rational decision making]]
- [[Simon's Normative Model]]
- [[intuitive decision making]]
- [[group decision making]]
- [[consensus decision making]]
- [[voting-based decision making]] ([note on p.2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=2))
*Reminds me of [[Robert Crosby's Decision-Making Styles]] along the scale of autocratic to permissive. ([note on p.1](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=1))*
### Leaders may involve team members in decision making process.
In group decision making, leaders have responsibility to:
- establish the team
- facilitate a productive environment
- set expectations
- provide resources
- allow the group to function.
### Challenges to decision-making:
- over-relying on past experience
- self-interests
- prejudgments
- attachments ([note on p.1](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=1))
### Approaches to decision making can influence decision-making styles.
- [[optimizing]]
- [[satisficing]]
- [[maximax]]
- [[maximin]]
*Adam Grant talks about the difference between maximizers and satisficers in his book [[Think Again - Grant 2021]].* ([note on p.1](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=1))**
### Hackman (2002) identified five conditions that increase probability of success in group decision making:
1. Being a real team - stable membership with team identity
2. Compelling direction - meaningful work towards goal
3. Enabling structure - properly organized with right number of people and diversity of viewpoints
4. Supportive context - organization provided adequate resources and information
5. Expert coaching - feedback and reflection during and after the work ([note on p.6](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=6))
# Connections to Other Materials
# Personal Reflection
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# Other References
TBR:: 🔖 Think Again by Adam Grant (GR)
TBR:: 🔖 Scharmer, C. O. (2009). Theory U: Leading from the future as it emerges: The social technology of presencing (2nd ed.). Berrett-Koehler Publishers. (Owned)
TBR:: 🔖 Scharmer, C. O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to eco-system economies. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. (Gonzaga library) ([note on p.9](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=9)) (GR)
TBR:: 🔖 Dalkey, N. C. (1969). The Delphi method: An experimental study of group opinion (RAND Report RM-5888-PR). Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/RM5888/RM5888.pdf ([Doss and Horsman 2013:9](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=9))
TBR:: 🔖 Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink: The power of thinking without thinking. New York, NY: Little Brown and Company. ([Doss and Horsman 2013:9](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=9)) (GR)
TBR:: 🔖 Hackman, R. J. (2002, July 15). Leading teams: setting the stage for great performances. Working Knowledge for Business Leaders. Retrieved December 4, 2013 from http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2996.html ([Doss and Horsman 2013:9](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=9)) (GR)
TBR:: 🔖 Simon, H. A. (1959). Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science. The American Economic Review, 49(3), 253-283. ([Doss and Horsman 2013:9](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/FQ672TGH?page=9))